Aircraft Flight Control Systems-Primary and Secondary

Once flight is achieved, aircraft flight controls give a pilot the ability to direct an aircraft. In this article, we will go over primary flight control and secondary flight control systems to give an overview of how flight control systems accomplish aerial navigation. Aircraft flight control systems are comprised of aircraft control surfaces, cockpit controls, connecting linkages and various operating mechanisms such as flaperon parts, bellcranks, pulleys and cables.

Primary flight control systems include aircraft ailerons, elevators and rudders. Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of each wing near the wingtips and are used to turn during flight. When raised, they reduce lift and when lowered, increase lift. This deviation will lower one wing and raise the other, resulting in a turn. Elevators are mounted on the back edge of the horizontal stabilizer on each side of the fin in the tail. When raised, they push down on the tail and cause the nose to pitch up, giving an aircraft a higher angle of attack and more lift and drag. Rudders are typically mounted on the back edge of the fin in the empennage. Deflecting the rudder to the right will push the tail left and cause the nose to yaw right. The same would be true deflecting a rudder left, which would yaw the nose left.

Flaps, spoilers and trim tabs are considered secondary flight control systems. Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft. When flaps are extended, the stalling speed of an aircraft is reduced. Flaps increase the camber of the wing airfoil, raising an aircraft’s lift coefficient. Spoilers are similar to flaps and are located next to ailerons on the top of each wing. When raised, spoilers are used to disrupt airflow over the wing and increase the amount of drag. This can be used to control airspeed when descending. Elevator, rudder and aileron trim tabs are utilized to help a pilot counter effects of slip stream. This allows an aircraft to sustain its centre of gravity when dealing with uneven loads/weight.

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